Sea Surface Wave Information Using GPS Sea Reflected Signal - Wave Height

In case of positioning by GPS, the direct signal from the satellite to the receiver is ordinarily utilized, but the multipath signal is regarded as one error source that deteriorate the positioning accuracy. In this paper, we focus on characteristics of the reflected signal, and had a few simulation tests. The correlator output signals are checked out and compared to the change of wave height and the wave period. In this paper we describe that in sufficient long wave compared with reflection area size we can measure an accurate wave height, and by pointing antenna beam center from two directions we can obtain the characteristics of wave which are height, direction and period. Reprinted with permission from The Institute of Navigation (http://ion.org/) and The Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of The Institute of Navigation, (pp. 810-815). Fairfax, VA: The Institute of Navigation

新生豚にみられた先天性過骨症

先天性過骨症は，前肢の硬化・腫脹を特徴とする新生豚の稀な疾患である。本疾患は常染色体の劣性遺伝によるものと考えられているが，原因や発生機序は明らかにされていない。病変部は四肢に限局し，橈骨・尺骨で顕著である。我々は分娩直後に死亡した雌の子豚に前肢の硬化・腫脹を認め，病理学的に先天性過骨症と診断した。組織学的に腫脹していた橈骨・尺骨では線維性骨梁が皮質骨表面から放射状に伸長し，周囲骨格筋は変性・萎縮し，線維化していた。後肢やその他臓器には著変はみられなかった。鑑別診断として，先天性筋症と肺性肥大性骨症が挙げられるが，前者は本例の病変が骨に主座し筋原線維の一次性構造異常がないことから，また後者は造骨形態や胸腔内に腫瘤病変がないことから否定された。Congenital hyperostosis is a rare disease of newborn pigs, characterized by thickening and sclerosis of the forelimbs. It has been suspected that it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but the pathogenesis of the bone abnormalities has not been clarified. The lesions are characteristically localized in the limbs, and the radius and ulna are the most severely affected. We examined a female piglet who died right after delivery; the piglet showed thickening and sclerosis of the forelimbs, and the bone lesions were diagnosed as congenital hyperostosis. Histologically, fibrous trabecular bone proliferated radially and extended out from the surface of cortical bone of the swollen radius and ulna. The skeletal muscles around the bones showed degeneration and atrophy with fibrosis. No lesions were found in other bones and organs. For the differential diagnosis, congenital myopathy and pulmonary hypertrophic osteopathy were considered, but myopathy was excluded because of the lesion distribution and the absence of a primary structural abnormality of myofibrils, while pulmonary hypertrophic osteopathy was also excluded because of the different form of osteogenesis and the absence of a tumor in the thoracic cavity

Aortic connector system の使用経験

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系From April to December 2002, 40 patients underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using the St. Jude Medical (Minneapolis) Symmetry bypass system (aortic connector system: ACS). 59 proximal anastomoses (51 saphenous vein grafts, 8 radial artery grafts) were performed with the ACS. One saphenous vein graft occluded during operation. Postoperative evaluation of the anastomotic patency was carried out by angiography in 45 grafts. Five of the saphenous vein grafts were occluded (5/38). One patient who was shock state before operation presented with postoperative unconsciousness. Another patient died at 8th postoperative day caused by ventricular fibrillation. We conclude that the ACS produces a simple, quick way of performing the proximal anastomosis without the need for clamping the aorta, allows reducing risk of embolization by aortic manipulation. However, it is necessary to discuss sufficiently using the ACS, because the graft patency with the ACS is lower than with standard suturing technique

Osteoclasts are dispensable for hematopoietic stem cell maintenance and mobilization

The mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells does not require osteoclasts, which may even have an inhibitory effect

Effects of NK-4 in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and molecules that can prevent pathways of Aβ toxicity may be potential therapeutic agents for treatment of AD. We have previously reported that NK-4, a cyanine photosensitizing dye, displays neurotrophic and antioxidant activities. In this study, we report the effects of NK-4 on the toxicity of Aβ and on cognitive function and Aβ concentration in a transgenic mouse model of AD (Tg2576). In vitro, NK-4 effectively protected neuronal cells from toxicity induced by Aβ. In addition, it displayed profound inhibitory activities on Aβ fibril formation. In vivo, Tg2576 mice received an intraperitoneal injection at 100 or 500 µg/kg of NK-4 once a day, five times a week for 9 months. Administration of NK-4 to the mice attenuated impairment of recognition memory, associative memory, and learning ability, as assessed by a novel object recognition test, a passive avoidance test, and a water maze test, respectively. NK-4 decreased the brain Aβ concentration while increasing the plasma amyloid level in a dose-dependent manner. NK-4 also improved memory impairments of ICR mice induced by direct intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ. These lines of evidence suggest that NK-4 may affect multiple pathways of amyloid pathogenesis and could be useful for treatment of AD